Dab tsi yog Rare Earth Magnets, Thiab Cov Kev Lag Luam Dab Tsi Siv Lawv?

Rare ntiaj teb hlau nplaumyog ib hom hlau nplaum ruaj khov uas ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb. Txawm hais tias lawv lub npe, lo lus "tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb" yog hais txog ib pawg ntawm 17 lub ntsiab lus, suav nrog neodymium thiab samarium, uas muaj ntau heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Cov hlau nplaum no paub txog lawv lub zog zoo kawg thiab ua haujlwm ntev, ua rau lawv tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev ua haujlwm siab.

Ob hom uas tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb hlau nplaum yogNeodymium hlau nplaum (NdFeB)thiabsamarium cobalt hlau nplaum (SmCo). Neodymium hlau nplaum yog cov khoom lag luam muaj zog tshaj plaws, thaum samarium cobalt hlau nplaum muaj kev tiv thaiv siab dua rau qhov kub thiab txias tab sis muaj zog me ntsis. Ob hom hlau nplaum tau hloov pauv kev lag luam los ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev cog lus, thiab muaj zog tsim.

 

 

 

 

Cov hlau nplaum no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu uahmoov metallurgy. Cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb tau ua ke nrog lwm cov hlau thiab ua tiav rau hauv cov hmoov, uas tom qab ntawd nias rau hauv pwm. Cov khoom tsim yog sintered, los yog rhuab, los tsim kom muaj cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov. Thaum kawg, cov hlau nplaum yog magnetized siv cov hlau nplaum muaj zog, ua rau lawv cov khoom muaj zog.

 

 

Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam vim lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qee qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tso siab rau cov hlau nplaum no suav nrog:

1. Electronics

Cov hlau nplaum tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Smartphones, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab laptopssiv cov hlau nplaum neodymium hauv cov hais lus, microphones, thiab vibration motors. Lawv qhov me me thiab lub zog siab ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov khoom siv compact. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau nplaum no siv rau hauv hard disk drives (HDDs) thiab optical drives.

2. Automotive kev lag luam

Kev lag luam tsheb tau dhau los ua cov neeg siv khoom loj ntawm cov hlau nplaum hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb hauvElectric tsheb (EVs). Neodymium hlau nplaum yog siv nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws xob motors uas lub hwj chim EVs, pab txhawb rau lawv efficiency thiab ntau yam. Cov hlau nplaum tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb kuj tseem siv rau hauv tsheb sensors, lub zog tsav, thiab lub tshuab nres.

3. Lub zog tauj dua tshiab

Cov hlau nplaum no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, tshwj xeeb hauvcua turbines. NdFeB hlau nplaum yog siv nyob rau hauv lub generators ntawm cua turbines los hloov cua zog rau hauv hluav taws xob. Lawv lub peev xwm los ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam huab cua ua rau lawv tseem ceeb rau cov phiaj xwm loj-txheej txheem hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab.

4. Cov khoom siv kho mob

Cov cuab yeej kho mob kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsawg hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv siv nyob rau hauvMRI tshuab, pacemakers, thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas xav tau cov khoom sib nqus zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha. Kev ua haujlwm siab thiab kev cog lus me me ntawm cov hlau nplaum tsawg hauv ntiaj teb pab tsim cov khoom siv kho mob tsawg dua.

5. Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam

siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm industrial daim ntaub ntawv, nrog rauSib nqus separators, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam xws li mining thiab kev ua zaub mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv siv nyob rau hauvneeg hlau, qhov twg muaj zog, compact hlau nplaum yuav tsum tau rau kev tswj kom meej.